cố ý
Definition
Adverb:
- Intentionally; deliberately; on purpose: Refers to an action performed with conscious will and forethought, not by accident or chance. It emphasizes the presence of a specific intention behind the act.
Adjective (attributive use):
- Intentional; deliberate; willful: Describes an action or behavior that is done with purpose and awareness of its nature or consequences.
Usage Examples
Adverb:
- Nó cố ý làm vỡ chiếc cốc. (He intentionally broke the cup.)
- Tôi không cố ý nghe lén cuộc trò chuyện của họ. (I did not deliberately eavesdrop on their conversation.)
Adjective:
- Đó là một hành động cố ý gây hại. (That was an intentional act of harm.)
- Sự phá hoại này rõ ràng là có tính chất cố ý. (This vandalism is clearly deliberate in nature.)
Advanced Usage
- "cố ý phạm tội": to commit a crime intentionally; willful commission of a crime.
- Bị cáo bị buộc tội cố ý phạm tội giết người. (The defendant is charged with the intentional commission of murder.)
Variants and Related Words
- Cố tình (adv/adj): A near-synonym meaning "intentionally" or "willfully," often used interchangeably with "cố ý" but can sometimes imply more stubbornness or persistence in the intent.
- Anh ta cố tình phớt lờ cảnh báo. (He willfully ignored the warning.)
Synonyms
- Deliberately: Done consciously and intentionally.
- Intentionally: With a specific purpose in mind.
- On purpose: Not by accident; by design.
- Willfully: With stubborn or deliberate intention.
Antonyms
- Vô tình (adv/adj): unintentionally; accidentally; inadvertently.
- Ngẫu nhiên (adv/adj): by chance; randomly.
Related Legal and Formal Terms
- Yếu tố cố ý (n): The element of intent (in legal contexts, such as establishing mens rea).
- Yếu tố cố ý là điều kiện cần để cấu thành tội phạm. (Intent is a necessary condition to constitute a crime.)